The British Cabinet Mission aimed to address the growing demands for Indian independence and to establish a framework for a constitutional transition to self-governance. Arriving in New Delhi, the mission was led by Lord Pethick-Lawrence and included key figures like Sir Stafford Cripps and A.V. Alexander. They sought to engage with major political factions, particularly the Indian National Congress and the Muslim League, both of which held significant influence over the independence movement. The mission's primary goal was to discuss constitutional reforms and clarify the terms of transferring power to Indian leaders.

During their discussions, the mission proposed a plan for India's governance that recognized the Indian National Congress as a leading political party, while also addressing the Muslim League's demand for autonomy for Muslim-majority regions. This dual focus reflected the British government's attempt to mediate the complex political landscape in India and to create a cooperative environment for a peaceful transition. Despite the good intentions behind the mission, it faced criticisms from both the Congress and the Muslim League, with disagreements on many issues unclear about the power-sharing structure.

The mission ultimately struggled to produce a consensus among Indian leaders, as both the Congress and the Muslim League felt their core demands were not fully addressed. The Cabinet Mission's failure to devise an acceptable plan would contribute to heightened tensions in India and set the stage for further negotiations, culminating in the eventual partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in 1947.