The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed in Sri Lanka in 1987 following the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord, which aimed to resolve the Sri Lankan Civil War between the Sri Lankan government and the LTTE. The agreement allowed Indian troops to assist in disarming the Tigers and stabilizing the situation amid escalating ethnic violence and conflict. However, the role of the IPKF became increasingly controversial, as they faced significant hostility from the LTTE and accusations of human rights violations by various groups.

Over the years, the IPKF's presence was marked by numerous encounters with the LTTE, leading to substantial loss of life on both sides, as well as the suffering of civilians caught in the crossfire. Public opinion in India grew divided over the mission, with many questioning the rationale behind India's involvement in another country's civil strife. The decision to withdraw was influenced by rising political and diplomatic pressure, alongside the realization that the IPKF's objectives were not being met.

On March 24, 1990, the last ship of Indian troops departed Sri Lanka, signaling the final withdrawal of the IPKF. This departure was witnessed by media personnel and marred by the contentious legacy of the IPKF's operations. The withdrawal was more than just a military decision; it reflected a shift in India's approach to regional conflicts and its foreign policy, especially concerning neighboring countries. The implications of this intervention continue to resonate in India-Sri Lanka relations and regional dynamics in South Asia.