The struggle for independence in East Pakistan was marked by a history of political and cultural isolation from West Pakistan. Following years of discontent, the national elections of 1970 further exacerbated the situation, as the Awami League, led by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, won an overwhelming majority but was denied power. The situation escalated when on March 25, 1971, the Pakistani military launched a brutal crackdown known as Operation Searchlight, aimed at quelling the growing independence movement. This military operation targeted students, activists, and civilians in Dhaka, leading to widespread chaos and atrocities.

In response to this violence, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman proclaimed the independence of Bangladesh on March 26, 1971. This call for independence united the Bengali population and marked the beginning of the Bangladesh Liberation War. Over the next nine months, millions would participate in a fierce struggle against the Pakistani military, with significant support from India as the conflict intensified. The war resulted in massive loss of life, displacement of millions, and ultimately led to the creation of Bangladesh as an independent nation in December 1971.

The ordeal highlighted the deep-rooted issues within Pakistan, demonstrating the consequences of political neglect and cultural repression. The establishment of Bangladesh represented not only a significant geographical change but also influenced regional dynamics in South Asia significantly, as it altered the balance of power and prompted discussions on national identity and minority rights within Pakistan.