A catastrophic earthquake measuring 6.8 on the moment magnitude scale devastated southern Italy, specifically targeting the Calabria region. Occurring in a seismically active area, the earthquake was the first of four major tremors that would profoundly affect the region. The destruction brought on by the earthquake was overwhelming, with a Mercalli intensity rating of XI, denoting extreme shaking and widespread destruction. Towns were leveled, and countless lives were lost, with estimates ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 fatalities. The most affected areas included the cities of Reggio Calabria and Messina, which saw significant structural damage and loss of life.

In the aftermath, the survivors faced an urgent need for shelter, food, and medical assistance as they struggled to cope with the overwhelming loss. Local and regional authorities were quickly overwhelmed by the scale of destruction, leading to delayed or inadequate responses in rescue efforts. Many villages were left isolated, and the recovery process was further complicated by the geopolitical situation of the time, as various factions vied for control over the territories affected by the earthquake. This seismic event underscored the vulnerabilities of the communities in this region and highlighted the need for improved infrastructure and disaster preparedness going forward.