In March 1941, discontent grew among various military factions in Yugoslavia due to the country's increasing alignment with Axis powers, particularly following the government's decision to accede to the Tripartite Pact. The Yugoslav Air Force, comprised of officers who opposed this policy, took decisive action on March 27, leading a bloodless coup that resulted in the removal of the pro-Axis Prime Minister, Dragiša Cvetković, and the chief of staff, General Dušan Simović. This initiative was largely driven by the air force's pivotal role and strategic interests in maintaining Yugoslav sovereignty and autonomy. As a result of the coup, the government was replaced by one that oriented itself toward the Allies, announcing its intention to resist Axis demand.

The coup was largely successful due to the element of surprise and the lack of preparedness of the loyalist forces, which led to minimal confrontation. The new leadership, under General Simović, showcased a determined stance against Axis influence while simultaneously urging for international support from the Allies. This alignment, however, would not last long, as the events surrounding the coup were soon followed by Axis invasions, and Yugoslavia found itself in a precarious position amidst the swirling conflict of World War II.