In 1809, political unrest in Sweden escalated due to dissatisfaction with King Gustav IV Adolf, particularly related to his ineffective and unpopular foreign policy during the Finnish War against Russia. His decision to discard the possibility of a peace treaty further alienated the military and aristocracy, leading to increasing calls for reform and change within the government. Military leaders and nobles, frustrated with the King’s handling of the war and domestic issues, organized a coup d'état. On March 29, soldiers surrounded the royal palace in Stockholm, demanding the King's resignation. Facing overwhelming opposition and lacking support, Gustav IV Adolf had no choice but to abdicate, marking a swift and dramatic fall from power.

Following his abdication, Sweden underwent a swift constitutional transformation. A new government was formed, and in addition to ending Gustav IV's reign, this coup led to the establishment of a regency under Duke Charles of Södermanland, who later became Charles XIII. This period was significant as it shifted the power dynamics within Sweden, altering the monarchy's role and setting the stage for future political reforms, ultimately leading to the adoption of a new constitution in 1809 that emphasized parliamentary governance.

The aftermath of the coup saw many of Gustav IV's policies overturned and marked a significant transition in Swedish politics. The once-absolute monarchy faced pressure for constitutional change and modernization. The political environment began to foster new ideas of governance, which would have lasting implications for Sweden as it moved toward a more democratic political system.