The Battle of Kambula arose during the Anglo-Zulu War, a conflict fueled by tensions between the British Empire and the Zulu Kingdom over land and rights in South Africa. Following an earlier setback for British troops at Isandlwana, the British sought to re-establish their military dominance in the region. Kambula, located in the northern Natal region, served as a crucial defensive position for the British forces. Here, Lieutenant Colonel Evelyn Wood commanded a mix of British regulars and colonial troops in a well-prepared stronghold.

On the day of the battle, the Zulu attacked with the intent to overwhelm the British defensive lines. Their forces, numbering approximately 20,000, aimed to capitalize on the earlier disarray experienced by British troops. However, the British had fortified their base and executed disciplined defensive tactics, including effective use of artillery and rifle fire. The battle saw intense fighting as Zulu warriors charged repeatedly against the fortifications but were met with steadfast resistance. As the day progressed, the British artillery played a pivotal role in repelling the attacks, leading to significant Zulu casualties.

Ultimately, the successful defense at Kambula not only stymied the Zulu offensive but also marked a turning point in the Anglo-Zulu War. The British victory restored confidence within their ranks, allowing for subsequent campaigns deeper into Zulu territory. The battle exemplified the tactical warfare of the time and showcased the importance of prepared defenses against larger numbers, altering perceptions of British military capabilities in colonial conflicts.

The aftermath of Kambula further solidified British intentions in the region, setting the stage for future engagements that would culminate in the annexation of the Zulu Kingdom.