Malolos served as the capital of the nascent First Philippine Republic, established in January 1899 under the leadership of President Emilio Aguinaldo. The American forces, under the command of Major General Elwell Stephen Otis, advanced towards Malolos as part of a larger strategy to solidify control in the newly acquired territory after the Spanish-American War. The city became a crucial stronghold for Filipino forces, who were determined to establish their sovereignty. However, various military engagements, including skirmishes and larger battles, weakened the Filipino position.

By the end of March, American troops launched a concerted offensive to capture the city. Utilizing superior firepower and military organization, American forces engaged in relentless assaults that led to the eventual seizure of Malolos. The Filipino defenders, despite their steadfast resistance, were outmatched, and American troops raised the U.S. flag over the city, symbolizing their victory and control over this strategic location.

The capture of Malolos was pivotal as it not only showcased the military might of the U.S. but also underscored the beginning of a protracted conflict with Filipino forces. The event catalyzed further fighting throughout the archipelago and set the stage for American colonial governance, significantly altering the political landscape in the Philippines. The aspirations of the Filipino people for independence were met with increased suppression, leading to a longer, more grueling struggle for self-determination.