The Dominion of Newfoundland joined Canadian Confederation after a decisive referendum held in March 1948, where the electorate voted in favor of union with Canada. By March 31, 1949, Newfoundland was formally recognized as the tenth province of Canada. This event marked the end of Newfoundland's status as a dominion, which it had held since 1907. The decision came after years of economic challenges, particularly following World War II, which left the province in economic turmoil. In light of struggles, many Newfoundlanders saw the union with Canada as a pathway to economic recovery and better governance.

The transition began when a Commission of Government, set up by the British government in 1934, governed Newfoundland during its financial crisis. This period led to various constitutional talks and heightened discussions about confederation with Canada. The option to join was presented to the people in a referendum; after intense debates, a subsequent vote solidified the preference for confederation, thus paving the way for Newfoundland's eventual integration into Canada.

St. John's, the capital city, became the focal point for the celebrations and the official ceremonies that followed the province's entry into Confederation. Prime Minister Louis St. Laurent and Newfoundland's Premier Joseph Smallwood played critical roles in the proceedings, marking a new era for the province, which saw union as an opportunity for growth and development within the Canadian federation. The pro-Confederation forces emphasized the potential for improved social services, infrastructure, and education as primary benefits of the new arrangement.