Ali Razmara served as the Prime Minister of Iran, assuming office in 1950 during a period marked by political instability and social change. He faced opposition from both nationalists and religious factions who were concerned with his policies aimed at modernization and alignment with Western powers. His administration sought to develop oil and industry while navigating the complexities of a country rife with varying ideologies, from strong secularism to rising Islamic fundamentalism. His tenure was characterized by significant reforms, including efforts to modernize the economy, which were not well-received by all sectors of the populace.

Khalil Tahmasebi, the assassin, was driven by the ideologies of Fada'iyan-e Islam, a group that sought to eliminate secular influences from Iranian politics and society, favoring an Islamic government that adhered strictly to their interpretations of Sharia law. The assassination took place outside a mosque, symbolizing the clash between the secular government and traditional Islamic values. After shooting Razmara, Tahmasebi was quickly apprehended, and his actions were celebrated by elements of extremist factions advocating for an Islamic revolution.

The event not only led to a power vacuum in Iranian politics but also aggravated the ongoing conflict between modernist and traditionalist movements. The repercussions of Razmara's assassination continued to resonate in Iranian politics, ultimately contributing to the larger narrative of unrest that would culminate in the 1979 Iranian Revolution. Many observers believe that the violence around this period set a precedent for future political assassinations as a means of shoring up influence in Iranian governance, showcasing the volatility of the region during mid-20th century geopolitics.