Operation Truong Cong Dinh represented a significant military campaign in South Vietnam aimed at eradicating Viet Cong forces from the strategic area surrounding Mỹ Tho, a vital city in the Mekong Delta. In early March, the United States and South Vietnamese government forces planned this operation as part of their ongoing efforts to regain control over rural areas that had become strongholds for communist insurgents. The operation was catalyzed by a series of Viet Cong attacks and the larger context of the Tet Offensive, which had demonstrated the resilience of the Viet Cong and the challenging security situation prevailing in Vietnam at the time.

The campaign saw the deployment of significant military resources, including infantry units, artillery, and air support, aiming to conduct coordinated military operations to root out the Viet Cong who had been conducting guerrilla warfare in the region. The operation involved complex logistics as troops moved through challenging terrains, and intelligence units conducted reconnaissance to target Viet Cong positions. Mỹ Tho's strategic location next to the Mekong River made it essential for maintaining regional stability and ensuring supply lines for US and South Vietnamese forces.

While the operation achieved some tactical successes, it also highlighted the ongoing difficulties faced by American and South Vietnamese forces struggling to secure the population's trust and minimize civilian casualties. The dynamic of rural support for the Viet Cong persisted, showcasing the challenges of counterinsurgency operations amid a deeply entrenched local opposition. By engaging in massive military operations like Operation Truong Cong Dinh, the US aimed to project strength, but the long-term effectiveness of such approaches remained contentious as they often provoked further dissent among the local population.