Ferdowsi, who lived during the Samanid dynasty, began composing the Shahnameh around 977 AD and devoted over three decades to this monumental work. The Shahnameh, or 'Book of Kings', consists of more than 50,000 couplets and is one of the longest epic poems in the world. Its narrative weaves together mythology, history, and folklore, essentially preserving the pre-Islamic history of Persia for future generations. The poem encompasses tales of legendary figures like Rostam, a hero known for his strength and bravery, and the tales of various kings who ruled over the Persian Empire.

Ferdowsi wrote the Shahnameh in a period of cultural renaissance in Persia, amidst the backdrop of the Samanid Empire's patronage of the arts and literature. The choice to write in Persian, rather than Arabic, was a deliberate act to symbolize national pride and cultural revival in the face of Arab influence post-conquest. As Ferdowsi neared the end of his epic, he faced both financial hardship and bureaucratic challenges, yet his determination to finish the poem demonstrated his deep commitment to Persian heritage.

On completion, the Shahnameh not only secured Ferdowsi's legacy but also laid the foundation for Persian literature, influencing countless poets and writers in the centuries to follow. The poem's rich tapestry of tales conveyed values such as bravery, justice, and wisdom, making it a touchstone for Persian cultural identity. Full of moral lessons, the Shahnameh emphasizes the importance of virtue in leadership and the consequences of tyranny, resonating deeply with both contemporary and modern audiences.