The Althing, which is one of the world's oldest parliaments, was originally established in 930 AD at Þingvellir, Iceland. It served as the primary legislative and judicial assembly for the country for centuries, providing a platform for discussing laws and resolving disputes. However, in the early 19th century, under Danish rule, the Althing lost its functions and was formally dissolved in 1800. For 45 years, Iceland was without an organized parliamentary structure, leading to a growing sentiment among its people for autonomy and self-governance.

The 1844 reopening of the Althing was a culmination of nationalistic movements and calls for increased political rights among Icelanders. The decision to reconvene was heavily influenced by the Icelandic movement towards independence from Danish control and a desire to re-establish governance rooted in Icelandic culture and identity. The first meeting after this lengthy closure took place at Þingvellir, re-establishing its historical connection to national politics.

During the reopening, the assembly addressed various issues, including the need for legal reforms and representation for the Icelandic populace. Although the newly formed Althing had limited powers initially, it marked a pivotal point in Iceland's legislative history, igniting greater aspirations for independence that would evolve over the next century. It was a significant step toward the modern political framework that Iceland would eventually develop, solidifying the importance of the Althing in the nation's democratic evolution.