The Ba'ath Party, a pan-Arab socialist political party, came to power in Syria after orchestrating a coup d'état on March 8, 1963. The coup was executed by a faction within the military who were supporters of the Ba'ath ideology, which promotes Arab unity and socialism. The group targeted the sitting President Nazim al-Kudsi and members of his government, accusing them of corruption, inefficiency, and inability to address the needs of the Syrian people amidst growing social and economic challenges. Early in the morning, key military units loyal to the Ba'ath Party moved to seize control of government buildings and strategic points throughout Damascus, ensuring a swift transition of power with minimal resistance.

The aftermath of the coup led to the establishment of a new regime characterized by the suppression of dissent and the consolidation of power within the Ba'ath Party. The party announced a series of reforms aimed at redistributing land, nationalizing industries, and fostering economic growth. The ideologies championed by the Ba'ath Party further solidified the party's dominance in Syrian politics for decades, leading to the establishment of a single-party state.

The coup also had significant implications for the entire Arab world, as it inspired similar movements in neighboring countries. The Ba'ath ideology became a rallying point for Arab nationalists, contributing to a wave of political upheaval during the 1960s and 1970s. This coup marked the beginning of a new era in Syrian politics, as the Ba'ath Party would remain in power until the present day, influencing the trajectory of Syria's political landscape and its relations with regional and global powers.