Nelson's Pillar stood proudly in O'Connell Street, Dublin, since its completion in 1809, commemorating Admiral Horatio Nelson's victories in the Napoleonic Wars. By the mid-20th century, however, the monument became a focal point of controversy reflecting the changing political landscape in Ireland. Many viewed the statue as a British symbol, conflicting with rising sentiments for Irish nationalism and independence from British influence. The climate of dissent was exacerbated by tensions related to Northern Ireland and the activities of various groups advocating for a united Ireland, including the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA).

On the morning of March 8, 1966, members of the INLA executed a carefully planned attack that resulted in a massive explosion, destroying both the statue of Nelson and the column itself. The bombing was notable not just for the physical destruction but also for its symbolic implications—further articulating a narrative of resistance against British legacy in Ireland. Debris littered O'Connell Street, and while there were no casualties, the event attracted wide media coverage and public discourse surrounding national identity, public monuments, and their relevance.

In the aftermath, the site of the pillar remained vacant for years, prompting debates and discussions about erecting a new monument that would symbolize a more unified Irish identity. The event marked a significant moment in Dublin's urban landscape, prompting reflections on how cities remember or forget their contested pasts. The demolition of Nelson's Pillar thus served as a catalyst for broader conversations about heritage and representation in a changing Ireland, influencing future policies regarding public monuments.