Adolf Hitler, the leader of the National Socialist German Workers' Party, was sentenced to five years imprisonment after his failed attempt to overthrow the Weimar Republic in the Beer Hall Putsch. The coup attempt took place in Munich in November 1923, where Hitler and a group of supporters attempted to take control of the Bavarian government. Following the failed coup, Hitler was arrested and put on trial, which became a significant media event that elevated his public profile. During the trial, which began in February 1924, Hitler utilized the national spotlight to promote his political ideals and criticize the Weimar government.

The court proceedings allowed Hitler to present his nationalist agenda and openly express his disdain for the Treaty of Versailles. His articulate speeches garnered sympathetic supporters, leading to his gaining a considerable following even from behind bars. The sentence of five years was significantly reduced, and Hitler only served nine months at Landsberg Prison, where he enjoyed relative comforts, including access to writing materials, which he used to begin drafting his autobiography, Mein Kampf.

Hitler's swift release in December 1924 meant that he returned to a Germany where his ideas were increasingly resonating with the disillusioned population. His time in jail became a pivotal moment in his rise to power, transforming him into a martyr figure among his followers and igniting a fervent commitment to his vision of restoring Germany's strength. The events surrounding the Beer Hall Putsch and the subsequent trial would later be seen as the foundation for the growing influence of the Nazi Party in the following years.