The Second Battle of Rivas was a decisive confrontation during the conflict between William Walker's filibusters and the Central American forces, particularly those from Costa Rica. On April 11, 1856, Juan Santamaría, a young Costa Rican soldier, made a name for himself by burning the hostel where Walker's troops were barricaded. This attack not only incapacitated the filibuster's logistical operations but also infused the Costa Rican armed forces with a sense of purpose and determination. Santamaría's strategic move came during intense fighting, when advancing troops faced strong resistance from Walker’s well-armed men. His decision to set fire to the building demonstrated boldness and tactical acumen, as it disrupted Walker’s command and inflicted damage on his operations.

This act of valor was fueled by the larger conflict occurring in Central America, where Walker was attempting to expand his authority as he sought to create a slave state aligned to U.S. interests. Santamaría, motivated by nationalism and a deep-seated desire for independence, became a symbol of Costa Rican resistance. His actions during this engagement became legendary, inspiring future generations to defend their homeland against foreign imperialistic ambitions. The aftermath of his actions led to greater resistance against Walker, who would face continued challenges against a united Central America.

Ultimately, the Second Battle of Rivas culminated in Walker's retreat, marking an important shift in the regional power dynamics. Santamaría’s bravery has been celebrated as a significant moment in the struggles against foreign intervention in Central America, and he became a national hero in Costa Rica for his dedication to his country’s independence.