The Southern Ohio Correctional Facility became the scene of a significant riot in 1993, involving approximately 450 inmates. The unrest stemmed from a combination of grievances regarding living conditions and the enforcement of health policies that required a tuberculosis vaccination. Many of the inmates affected were members of the Nation of Islam, whose religious beliefs were in conflict with the mandatory vaccination, leading to heightened tensions and demands for change. The facility, located in Lucasville, Ohio, was already struggling with overcrowding and inadequate medical care, which contributed to the volatile atmosphere among the inmate population.

The riot began on April 11 and quickly escalated as inmates expressed their frustrations. Prison authorities responded by initiating negotiations to restore order, but the situation drew significant media attention, highlighting the issues within the American correctional system. The standoff lasted ten days, during which demands for better living conditions, fair treatment, and respect for religious practices were presented. The conflict ultimately ended when prison officials and the inmates reached an agreement, resulting in some changes being made despite ongoing disputes related to prison policies.

The Lucasville riot became a flashpoint for discussions surrounding prison reform in the United States. It underscored the need for dialogue between inmate groups and prison administrations, as well as a reevaluation of health policies affecting various religious practices. Additionally, it sparked further investigations into the conditions of confinement and the rights of inmates across the country.