In April 1919, the Indian independence movement was gaining momentum, marked by widespread protests against the British colonial government. On April 13, thousands of Indians gathered in Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden in Amritsar, to protest against the repressive Rowlatt Act, which allowed for the arrest of Indians without trial. On that day, Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer ordered his troops to open fire on the crowd without warning, believing that it was necessary to establish order and assert the power of the British Empire. The soldiers fired into the densely packed crowd for about ten minutes, resulting in an estimated 379 to 1,000 deaths and around 1,500 injuries.This brutal act of violence shocked the Indian populace and ignited outrage both in India and internationally. The massacre was met with mixed reactions from British society, where some condemned Dyer's actions while others supported them. Dyer defended his decision, claiming it was a necessary measure to quell unrest. The event has since been seen as a turning point in Indian sentiments toward British rule, amplifying calls for independence. Memorials, including the Jallianwala Bagh memorial, were eventually established to honor the victims and signify the importance of this incident in the struggle against colonial oppression.