The Battle of Formigny occurred during the Hundred Years' War, a protracted conflict between England and France over territorial control and claims to the French crown. As the war progressed, the French began to regain territories lost to the English in previous decades. The battle was marked by the innovative use of French cannons, which played a decisive role. Led by Jean Bureau, a skilled commander recognized for his tactical acumen, the French army executed a brilliant strategy that combined infantry, cavalry, and artillery into a cohesive fighting force. The English, under the command of Sir Thomas Kyriell, were caught somewhat off-guard as they were positioned in a defensive formation, unprepared for a well-coordinated French assault.

The battlefield, a small field near Formigny, became a graveyard for the English forces as the French artillery began to decimate their ranks. The tide of battle shifted dramatically when the French cavalry charged, routing the English troops. This victory not only boosted French morale but also signaled a turning point in the war as it was one of the first major victories for the French since the early phases of the conflict. The aftermath saw the English suffering heavy losses, with many soldiers captured or killed, while French forces solidified their hold on Normandy.

With this victory, the French were able to regain control over key territories in Northern France. The defeat fundamentally altered the landscape of power in the region, making it increasingly difficult for the English to maintain their earlier dominance. The victory at Formigny was crucial in demonstrating the effectiveness of military innovations, particularly the use of cannons, and set the stage for further French successes in the later years of the war.