The Real Academia de la Historia, or Royal Academy of History, was founded in Madrid as part of an effort to institutionalize historical research in Spain. The academy was established at a time when Enlightenment ideals were gaining prominence throughout Europe, emphasizing the importance of knowledge, reason, and scholarly inquiry. Aimed at preserving and studying historical documents, it provided a platform for historians to collaborate and disseminate their findings. Key figures among the founding members included the historian and writer Pedro José Pidal, whose influence helped shape the academy’s early direction.

This institution was established in a broader context of the Spanish Enlightenment, which sought to foster intellectual progress in contrast to previous periods that focused more on religious or superstitious explanations of history. The academy set out to collect, safeguard, and analyze Spain's historical patrimony, recognizing the central role that accurate historical knowledge plays in national identity and pride. By accumulating manuscripts, charts, and extensive libraries, the Real Academia de la Historia aimed to support historical research and education.

Over the years, the academy became a key player in various aspects of cultural and intellectual life in Spain. It launched numerous publications, provided funding for historical research, and awarded distinctions for significant contributions to the field. The impact of its work is still felt today, as its archives remain a valuable resource for historians studying the rich and complex tapestry of Spain's history, from ancient times through the modern era.