The 1902 Guatemala earthquake, registering a magnitude of 7.5 Mw, was one of the deadliest seismic events in the region's history. Occurring on April 18, it struck near Guatemala City, a hub of activity and commerce at the time. As the earth trembled violently, sending shockwaves across the city and surrounding communities, it reached a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII, characterized by severe shaking, destruction of buildings, and a substantial threat to life and property. The earthquake's force was felt across a wide area, causing landslides and alterations to the landscape, complicating rescue and relief efforts in the aftermath.

In terms of structural impact, many of the older constructions, including churches and homes which were not built to withstand such seismic forces, collapsed. This disaster led to an estimated death toll ranging between 800 to 2,000, with many more injured. The community mobilized quickly but faced significant challenges due to the extent of the damage, which included blocked roads and the loss of essential services. Local authorities, along with international aid, rushed to provide assistance, showcasing both community resilience and the urgent need for changes in building practices and disaster preparedness.

The aftermath of this earthquake forced a reevaluation of earthquake response strategies and building codes in Guatemala. It highlighted the vulnerabilities of urban areas in seismic zones and underscored the importance of developing effective disaster management systems. The tragedy marked a turning point in how local governments viewed infrastructure safety, shaping future construction practices in the region, especially for new buildings in areas prone to seismic activity.