Following the passing of Prime Minister Joseph Lyons, Robert Menzies was elected as the new leader of the United Australia Party (UAP). Lyons had led the country since 1932, and his sudden death left a leadership vacuum that needed to be filled promptly. Menzies, previously a notable figure in Australian politics and a member of the UAP, emerged as a strong contender for the leadership role. His election took place on 18 April 1939 and was instrumental in determining the party's future direction as Australia grappled with economic challenges and the impending global conflicts in Europe.

Menzies' ascent to leadership brought with it a vision for a more robust Australia, anticipating the geopolitical upheavals occurring globally. He aimed to strengthen Australia’s economy and bolster national defense, especially as the threat of World War II loomed. Menzies' leadership style was characterized by his articulate speaking skills and a keen understanding of politics, which resonated with many Australians looking for direction in uncertain times.

As the longest-serving prime minister of Australia, Menzies' tenure would witness significant changes in Australian society and governance, including the establishment of new conservative policies. His leadership decisions would ultimately guide Australia through years of international strife and foster post-war reconstruction, setting the stage for the modern political landscape in the country.