Ludwig van Beethoven's First Symphony was premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna, representing a pivotal moment in the composer’s burgeoning career. Symphony No. 1 in C major, Op. 21, exhibited Beethoven's strengths as a composer and conductor, merging the classical traditions of his predecessors, like Haydn and Mozart, with his original flair. The audience was introduced to the clarity of form and thematic development that would characterize Beethoven's subsequent works. The performance featured a 40-piece orchestra, a substantial ensemble for the time, which enabled Beethoven to experiment with color and texture in his writing.

The evening reflected not only Beethoven's talents but also his rising status in Vienna's musical community. The event drew an audience that included prominent musicians, aristocrats, and patrons of the arts, all eager to experience the promising young composer’s newest work. The First Symphony's lively Allegro con brio first movement, followed by the lyrical Larghetto, added to Beethoven’s reputation for emotional expressiveness and technical sophistication in music. Audience responses varied, but many were captivated by the energy and vigor that Beethoven infused into the score.

The premiere also illustrated the shift in musical tastes during the late 18th century as composers began to explore more individualistic and dynamic styles. While Beethoven's First Symphony maintained classical structure, it paved the way for the more revolutionary compositions that would follow. By introducing themes that were both playful and introspective, Beethoven set the stage for the Romantic era that would redefine music in the years to come.