Oliver Cromwell Dissolves Rump Parliament

April 20th, 1653

April 20th, 1653

Oliver Cromwell Dissolves Rump Parliament
How Long Ago?

371 years, 10 months, 23 days ago

Location

London, England

Category

Politics & Government

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  • Oliver Cromwell
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Oliver Cromwell Dissolves Rump Parliament

Oliver Cromwell, leading the New Model Army, forcibly dispersed the Rump Parliament in the House of Commons, asserting control over England's governance. This decisive act stemmed from Cromwell's frustration with the Parliament's inaction and inability to address pressing issues following the English Civil War. On this day, soldiers entered the Commons chamber and removed MPs who resisted Cromwell's authority, ultimately facilitating a shift towards military rule.

Cromwell asserted military control over Parliament.

The Rump Parliament was a remnant of the Long Parliament.

Frustration led to the military's intervention.

This event led to the rise of Cromwell's dominance.

What Happened?

The Rump Parliament, a remnant of the Long Parliament following the English Civil War, faced increasing scrutiny and discontent, particularly from Oliver Cromwell, who had established himself as a central military and political figure. On April 20, 1653, Cromwell, accompanied by troops from the New Model Army, stormed the House of Commons to dissolve the Rump Parliament. The MPs present, many of whom were reluctant to relinquish their power, were forcibly removed. Cromwell's action was predicated on his view that the Parliament had failed to govern effectively and decisively after the Civil War, which had concluded with the execution of King Charles I in 1649. The dissolution marked the reassertion of military power within English governance, signaling a turning point in the political landscape.

Cromwell described the Rump Parliament's failure to act on important issues including taxation, law reform, and religious tolerance, which eroded public trust. He viewed the Parliament as self-serving and incapable of fulfilling the mandate of the people, leading him to take unilateral action. Following the dissolution, Cromwell attempted to establish a new political framework, leading to the creation of the Barebone's Parliament later that year, which would also ultimately fail to satisfy his governance goals. The event underscores the tensions and conflicts symptomatic of England's turbulent political environment during the Interregnum, where military leaders like Cromwell sought to impose order amidst chaos.

Why Does it Matter?

The dissolution of the Rump Parliament is significant as it marked the transition from a parliamentary system to military rule under Oliver Cromwell, who would later become Lord Protector. This event underscores the ongoing struggles for power and governance in England during this era. It also reflects the broader impact of the English Civil War on the democratic processes and institutions in the United Kingdom, shaping future debates on authority and representation.

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