The formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist) was announced during a mass rally in Calcutta, which attracted a large number of participants who were discontented with the existing Communist Party of India (CPI) and its perceived moderateness. This rally united various factions who believed in a return to a more radical and revolutionary ideology, inspired greatly by the Maoist movements in China and the global wave of leftist sentiments of the 1960s. The decisions made during this assembly were driven by the backdrop of socio-economic issues faced by the working class and peasants in India, which many felt were not adequately addressed by the mainstream party.The formation was led by key figures who argued for an armed struggle to secure the rights of the oppressed and marginalized sections of society. They emphasized the need for a protracted people's war, aiming to dismantle the existing state apparatus, perceived as a tool of the ruling classes. The gathering was filled with fervent speeches, ideological debates, and expressions of solidarity among the attendees, embodying a strong sense of revolution against perceived injustices within Indian society at that time.The announcement marked a significant turning point in the Indian left, leading to further fragmentation within communist ideologies in India. It established a distinct faction that sought to influence not only political discourse but also grassroots mobilization across various regions in India through uprisings and activism. This formation was emblematic of a broader global trend in the 1960s, where radical leftist movements were gaining momentum, ultimately impacting political dynamics in various countries across the globe.