The Constitution of Poland, adopted in 1935, marked a significant shift in the country's political landscape. It aimed to address the pressing issues of governance and stability following years of political upheaval after World War I. The design of the new constitution was heavily influenced by the need to concentrate power within the executive branch, particularly in the presidency. Marshals and political leaders, preferable to a parliamentary system that had not yielded satisfactory governance results, championed these reforms. The adoption occurred under the leadership of President Ignacy Mościcki and was largely reflective of the political ideology known as 'Sanacja', advocating for a sanitization of Polish politics through centralization and a stronger state control.

The 1935 Constitution notably emphasized the strength of the executive branch, allowing the president expanded powers, including the ability to appoint and dismiss ministers. This shift was seen as a response to civil unrest, rapid economic disruptions, and a backdrop of rising nationalism in Europe. Furthermore, it introduced provisions that limited the powers of the legislature, which was intended to curtail the influence of political factions that had destabilized the government prior to adopting this new framework. As a result, the constitution aimed to create a more stable and unified Poland, capable of navigating the complexities of interwar Europe amidst the rising threats from neighboring powers.

The new constitution was met with mixed reactions, celebrated by its proponents as a necessary step toward modernization, yet criticized by others who felt it veered too far towards authoritarianism. The long-term implications of this constitutional framework became evident in the years to follow, as it set the stage for a more centralized form of governance during a tumultuous period in Polish history. Ultimately, the 1935 Constitution remained in effect until Poland was invaded during World War II, highlighting the fragile nature of political stability in the face of external aggression.