Manuel Roxas was elected as the last President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines following elections held in April 1946. The elections were significant as they marked a transition for the Philippines after suffering from the profound impacts of World War II. The country was still recovering from the devastation of war, and the political landscape needed to be redefined to reflect the aspirations of its citizens for independence and national recovery. With the influence of the United States post-war, Roxas’ government would oversee the transition toward full independence, a goal that became critical for Filipinos.

The election saw Roxas, a member of the Nacionalista Party, emerge victorious amidst a backdrop of rising nationalism. His campaign focused on the Philippines' reconstruction and other pressing issues such as land reform and economic revival, promising to address the immediate needs following decades of colonial rule and war. Ultimately, he won against various other political candidates, including representatives from the Liberal Party, reflecting a significant alignment from the voters towards a strong leadership that showcased ties with the United States while working towards independence.

Roxas took office at a time when the archives of colonial rule were beginning to be rewritten. His administration worked on strengthening the government institutions and rebuilding communications and infrastructure, essentials for the country’s development endeavors. His presidency laid down the foundation for the modern Republic of the Philippines, even as it faced critics domestically and internationally. Roxas' tenure would be seen as a bridge from colonialism to independence, a precursor to the essential events that would follow in Philippine history.