The establishment of the People's Liberation Army Navy marked a pivotal moment in the military history of the People's Republic of China. As the Communist forces under Mao Zedong were achieving significant victories over the Nationalists, the necessity for a dedicated naval force became apparent. This move came during a critical juncture in the Chinese Civil War, where control over coastal and riverine areas was essential for both economic stability and military effectiveness. The newly formed navy not only aimed to protect China's shores but also sought to project power into the Pacific and Indian Oceans, supporting ambitions for regional influence.

The nascent navy's focus was on developing a fleet capable of defending China's territorial waters and economic interests, particularly in light of the ongoing tensions with external powers. The formation involved integrating various maritime units that had been operating informally under different configurations throughout the war, including those that had been loyal to the Communist Party since the 1930s. With the backdrop of significant military campaigns, the navy's foundation was seen as an extension of the Communist Party's ideology of self-reliance and sovereignty.

Over the years, the People's Liberation Army Navy would grow into one of the largest naval forces in the world, undergoing modernization and expansion that reflected China's aspirations on the global stage. Its establishment caught the attention of international observers as it signaled not just a military shift but also a strategic change in how China would interact with maritime issues in the future, including territorial disputes and trade routes.