French Generals Attempted Coup in Algiers
On April 23, 1961, French generals staged a coup in Algiers in an attempt to overthrow the French government. The coup was driven by opposition to the French government's ongoing negotiations with the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) regarding independence for Algeria. Notable figures involved included Generals Raoul Salan and Edmond Jouhaud. The putsch faced immediate resistance and was ultimately quelled within a week, leading to significant political repercussions in France and Algeria.
Led by General Raoul Salan and others.
Intended to prevent Algerian independence.
Suppressed by Charles de Gaulle's government.
Highlighted divisions in French society.
What Happened?
In April 1961, a group of high-ranking French generals, disillusioned with the government’s approach to the Algerian War of Independence, orchestrated a coup known as the Algiers putsch. The coup was spearheaded by General Raoul Salan, who was a prominent military leader during the Algerian conflict. The generals were frustrated with what they perceived as a betrayal by the French government, particularly in light of its negotiations with the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN), which sought to end decades of colonial rule. The putsch commenced on April 21, when the generals occupied key locations in Algiers, including military headquarters, and declared a new regime.Initially, the putsch garnered some support from segments of the French public who were staunchly against Algerian independence. However, the French government, led by President Charles de Gaulle, took swift action to suppress the uprising. De Gaulle, who had previously been skilled at navigating complex political situations, utilized both military force and political maneuvering to dismantle the coup. By April 25, a general strike was called in Paris, signaling widespread opposition to the coup. The situation came to a head when loyalist forces, backed by de Gaulle's government, took control, effectively curtailing the attempted revolt within a week.The coup's failure prompted a significant backlash against the military, resulting in arrests and a reevaluation of the French military’s role in Algeria. It also highlighted the deep divisions within France surrounding the Algerian War, exacerbating tensions between pro and anti-independence factions. The putsch ultimately reinforced the resolve of the French government to pursue a negotiated settlement with the FLN, leading to the eventual independence of Algeria in 1962.
Why Does it Matter?
The Algiers putsch is significant as it underscored the intense conflict between military leaders and a political government grappling with the realities of colonial independence. It demonstrated the fractures within French society regarding Algeria and marked a turning point in public opinion on colonial wars. The coup ultimately expedited the shift towards negotiating a resolution to the Algerian War, culminating in Algeria's independence.