Georgios Papandreou's appointment as head of the Greek government-in-exile in Egypt marked a significant moment in the political landscape of Greece during World War II. The decision came amidst the backdrop of Axis occupation, which began in April 1941 and led to widespread hardship and resistance within the Greek population. Papandreou, a prominent political figure who had previously served as Prime Minister, was chosen for his experience and ability to unite various factions of the Greek diaspora who had fled the Axis regime. The government-in-exile was established in Cairo, where various political groups, including the liberals and socialists, sought to create a cohesive front that would not only resist occupation but also prepare for a democratic future for Greece post-war.

Under Papandreou’s leadership, the government-in-exile worked closely with Allied powers, primarily aiming to secure their support for Greece's liberation and restoration. This coalition played a critical role in raising awareness about the plight of the Greek people and garnering resources for resistance movements back in Greece. Papandreou's administration also faced internal challenges, such as managing differing political ideologies and ensuring a united front. Nonetheless, efforts to maintain communication with the resistance fighters in Greece and to plan for a post-war transition showcased the government's resilience and commitment to national unity.

The establishment of the government-in-exile emphasized the ongoing struggle for Greek sovereignty and served as a symbol of hope during a tumultuous time. It laid the groundwork for future political alignment and strategic planning in the region, focusing on rebuilding the nation after the conflict. Papandreou's role in this effort not only illustrated his political acumen but also underscored the importance of a unified approach to governance in difficult circumstances. This period was pivotal in shaping Greek political identity and set the stage for significant developments leading up to and following the end of the war.