In the mid-16th century, the Spanish Empire expanded rapidly into the Americas, driven by a desire for wealth and territory. Nikolaus Federmann, a German conquistador, and Sebastián de Belalcázar, a Spanish explorer, led expeditions into the area that would become known as Bogotá. Upon their arrival at a flat plateau in the Andean mountains, they recognized the area's potential, both strategically and agriculturally. The local indigenous tribes, primarily the Muisca, populated the region, and the Spaniards aimed to establish control over the fertile lands and trade routes. The explorers decided to lay the foundations of a new city, naming it Bacatá, which would eventually evolve into the modern city of Bogotá.

The choice of location was significant due to its temperate climate, abundant water supply, and rich soil. The founders faced numerous challenges, including resistance from indigenous groups and the harsh conditions of the mountainous terrain. However, they persevered, marking their influence with architecture and governance that would shape the city's future. The founding of Bogotá is a key milestone in the history of New Granada, as it established a critical administrative center that facilitated further exploration and colonization efforts throughout the region.

Tolima was an important local resource, and the establishment of Bogotá allowed for greater access to trade networks and natural resources, strengthening Spanish control. The new city quickly grew beyond its initial design, becoming a focal point for cultural exchange and colonial administration, ultimately leading to its recognition as the capital of the Viceroyalty of New Granada in the subsequent century.