In late April 1941, the Axis powers, which included Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria, executed a swift and brutal campaign in the Balkans, significantly affecting Greece. After the German blitz through Yugoslavia, which had fallen in just days, Greek forces were left vulnerable. By April 27, German forces had successfully entered Athens after overcoming Greek defenses with superior tactics and overwhelming firepower. The entry of German troops into Athens was not only a military victory but also a symbolic act marking the envelopment of Greece into the broader conflict of World War II.

The occupation began with the parading of German troops through the streets, which stirred mixed emotions among the local populace. Many Athenians were initially uncertain about the implications of the occupation, but soon it became apparent that life would change dramatically. The Germans established a military administration, leading to the dissolution of the Greek government. A puppet regime was later set up, further intensifying local resentment and resistance against the occupiers.

The occupation would last for several years, during which time harsh measures were implemented by the German authorities, resulting in widespread hardship among the Greek population. The German presence in Athens also became a catalyst for the growth of resistance movements, which ultimately played a crucial role in the liberation of Greece towards the end of the war. Activities varied from sabotage against occupying forces to widespread uprisings, showcasing the resilience of the Greek spirit under oppression.