The Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP), a Marxist-Leninist party in Sri Lanka, launched an insurrection primarily fueled by socio-economic grievances in rural areas. Disillusionment with the United Front government, led by Sirimavo Bandaranaike, had been brewing due to rising unemployment, economic challenges, and social inequalities. On April 5, 1971, armed uprisings erupted in various regions as members of the JVP mobilized to challenge the government’s authority, seeking radical change through direct action. The JVP aimed to establish a new regime founded on socialist principles, demanding land reform and improved labor rights.The insurrection was met with a fierce government response, leading to a brutal crackdown. The Armed Forces were deployed to restore order, and the conflict resulted in significant casualties on both sides. The government’s actions, including military operations, targeted not only the JVP but also anyone suspected of supporting the uprising. This period saw numerous human rights abuses and heightened political repression, which further entrenched the divisions within Sri Lankan society.Ultimately, the revolt ended in 1972 after a short but intense struggle, leading to the arrest and execution of JVP leaders. The aftermath of the insurrection shifted the political landscape in Sri Lanka and led to the establishment of a more authoritarian regime, while also leaving lasting scars on the society stemming from the violence and the government’s oppressive measures.