The case of Rosebud Sioux Tribe v. Kneip revolved around legislation that altered the boundaries of the Sioux reservation in South Dakota, significantly impacting the governance of the Rosebud Sioux Tribe. The United States Congress had previously diminished the size of the reservation, which led to a ruling in federal court regarding the extent of the tribe's jurisdiction over the lands that remained. The Supreme Court's decision held that the reduction of the reservation was valid and that the tribe no longer held jurisdiction over the lands as a result of congressional action. This ruling underscored the federal government's authority over Native American affairs, often viewing indigenous sovereignty through a restrictive lens. Historically, this case emerged from a context of ongoing tensions and legal struggles between Native American tribes and the federal government, particularly regarding land rights and tribal authority. The decision set a precedent indicating that Congressional decisions could fundamentally alter tribal jurisdictions without necessarily needing consent from the tribes themselves. This legal backdrop highlighted the lack of autonomy experienced by many Native tribes in regard to their sovereignty and land use, as well as the implications stemming from the federal government's legislative power over indigenous lands.