The Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite was launched by North Korea on April 5, 2009, as part of the country's efforts to develop its space capabilities. The satellite's launch trajectory took it over mainland Japan, further escalating tensions in the region. North Korea claimed that the satellite was intended for peaceful purposes, primarily for scientific research and technological advancement. Nonetheless, international observers viewed the launch as a blatant test of long-range missile capabilities, raising alarms about the potential military applications of the technology involved.

The United Nations Security Council convened immediately following the launch to discuss the implications of this action. The response from member states was largely negative, with many condemning North Korea's actions as a violation of previous UN resolutions that prohibited the country from engaging in ballistic missile activities. The reaction was particularly intense from Japan and South Korea, who feared for their national security given the proximity of North Korea's missile tests to their territories.

In the context of the broader nuclear proliferation concerns, the launch was a pivotal moment that complicated diplomatic efforts and negotiations surrounding North Korea's nuclear program, particularly within the framework of the Six-party talks which involved North Korea, South Korea, Japan, China, Russia, and the United States. The event underscored the challenges of addressing North Korea's strategic ambitions while seeking stability in Northeast Asia.