The Declaration of Arbroath, signed in 1320, is a significant testament to Scottish nationalism and independence. Originating from a group of Scottish nobles and clergy, the document was addressed to Pope John XXII, asserting Scotland's autonomy in the face of English aggression, particularly under King Edward II. It was drafted at Arbroath Abbey, a location that became pivotal in the movement for Scottish independence under Robert the Bruce's leadership against English rule. The declaration framed Scotland's fight for sovereignty as a just cause rooted in the will of the people, emphasizing that the Scots would remain free as long as their king defended their rights.

One of the most intriguing aspects of the declaration is its articulation of a relationship between the monarch and the people. It posits that a king’s legitimacy is contingent on his ability to safeguard the liberty of his subjects. This declaration thus served not only as a proclamation of independence but also as a foundational text for concepts of popular sovereignty. The powerful sentiments expressed in the declaration resonate with the long-standing Scottish aspiration for autonomy.

The document gained international significance, later inspiring various independence movements over the centuries. Additionally, it played a critical role in shaping Scottish identity, serving as a moral compass and rallying cry during future conflicts with England. Its survival through the ages highlights its enduring legacy in advocating rights and self-governance.