The Church of Christ was formally organized by Joseph Smith, along with several other followers, in either Fayette or Manchester, New York. This organization was a pivotal moment for the Latter Day Saint movement, which emerged during a period of religious revival in the United States, known as the Second Great Awakening. Joseph Smith had previously claimed to have received divine revelations, which he documented in the Book of Mormon, a text he translated from golden plates allegedly given to him by an angel named Moroni. The establishment of the church was intended to reflect the original church founded by Jesus Christ, claiming a direct lineage of authority through Smith.

The organization meeting involved six members, with Smith being appointed as the first leader or prophet. An emphasis was placed on the restoration of primitive Christianity, promoting the idea that existing churches had deviated from the true gospel. The inaugural event included the setting apart of church leaders and the ordaining of elders, thus laying the groundwork for the future expansion of the church. This gathering marked the birth of what would evolve into The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), fundamentally altering the religious landscape of America and later the world.

Following its formation, the church faced significant opposition, particularly from established religious groups. However, the early movement attracted adherents and quickly developed unique doctrines and practices. The community that formed around it began to structure itself with priesthood offices, congregational meetings, and missionary work, which facilitated its rapid growth. The publication of the Book of Mormon served as a testament to their faith and a tool for conversion, establishing a distinct identity for the members of this new religious group. Over the years, the church would move westward, expanding its influence considerably in the United States and beyond, becoming a notable force in American religious life.