Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a prominent figure in Brazilian politics and a member of the Workers' Party, faced serious legal troubles stemming from the 'Operation Car Wash' investigation. This massive corruption scandal exposed systemic corruption in various levels of Brazilian governance and many major companies, including the state-controlled oil company, Petrobras. Lula, who served as president from 2003 to 2010, was accused of receiving benefits from construction companies engaged in corrupt practices. On April 7, 2018, Judge Sérgio Moro, leading the investigations, ordered Lula's arrest following a conviction on corruption and money laundering charges. This order was met with significant public outcry and divided opinions among Brazilian citizens regarding Lula's legacy and the integrity of the judicial proceedings against him. Lula’s imprisonment lasted for 580 days, during which he maintained claims of political persecution, insisting that the charges against him were politically motivated to prevent him from running for office again.

Lula’s release came after the Brazilian Supreme Court ruled that defendants could not be imprisoned until all possible appeals had been exhausted. His imprisonment and subsequent release sparked debate about judicial processes, the role of corruption in politics, and the impact of these events on Brazilian democracy. Lula’s arrest and the surrounding circumstances had significant implications for Brazil's political landscape, inciting protests and fervent discussions about justice and power dynamics within the country. Lula’s case was not only a pivotal moment for Brazilians but also drew international attention, igniting discussions on transparency and accountability in government systems worldwide.