The Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party convened and elected Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal as its General Secretary, a role that conferred upon him substantial authority and influence over the Mongolian political landscape. This significant decision unfolded during a period of increasing alignment with the Soviet Union, which was instrumental in shaping Mongolia's policies and governance structure. Tsedenbal, who had rapidly climbed the ranks of the Communist Party, was seen as a suitable candidate to lead Mongolia amidst the shifting political tides of East Asia, marked by the intensification of communist ideology.

Upon his election, Tsedenbal initiated a series of reforms that aimed to modernize Mongolia, emphasizing industrialization, literacy, and collectivization of agriculture. His administration heavily cooperated with the Soviet Union, receiving various forms of assistance, including military and economic support. This partnership solidified Mongolia’s position within the Eastern Bloc, creating a buffer against Western influence, particularly from the United States and its allies.

Tsedenbal's lengthy tenure lasted until the late 1970s, during which he oversaw pivotal moments in Mongolian history, including changes in leadership and policies that would later lead to a more independent Mongolian identity towards the end of the Cold War. His leadership style reflected both the strengths and vulnerabilities of the Mongolian Communist Party, leveraging Soviet support while also facing domestic challenges including economic troubles and political dissent.