Jorge Eliécer Gaitán was a lawyer and politician whose charisma and commitment to social justice resonated deeply with the Colombian populace, especially the working class. On April 9, 1948, Gaitán was assassinated near his office in Bogotá by an individual later identified as a member of an elite class, intensifying existing social tensions. His death set off a chain reaction of violence in the capital. Riots erupted across Bogotá as Gaitán's supporters mobilized in despair and anger, leading to the destruction of property, churches, and government buildings, while clashes with the police left thousands injured and dead.

The scale of the riots, now referred to as the 'Bogotazo,' was unprecedented. Over the next several hours, citizens looted shops, set fires, and clashed with security forces. It was estimated that more than 5,000 people died in the violence, while the city itself faced extensive damage. This upheaval marked a significant moment in Colombian history, driving the country further into political chaos and leading to years of civil strife known as La Violencia. The aftermath saw a schism between the Liberal and Conservative parties deepening, which would culminate in decades-long violence throughout Colombia.

The 'Bogotazo' also had repercussions beyond the immediate chaos, influencing various political movements within Colombia and the broader Latin American context. It led to increased polarization and heightened political repression, as the elites and military sought to regain control amid the unrest.