Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr was a leading Shia cleric and philosopher in Iraq, whose works inspired many in Islamic thought, particularly his writings on political Islam and social justice. His sister, Bint al-Huda, was an influential figure in her own right, known for her writings and activism. Al-Sadr openly criticized Saddam Hussein's regime, advocating for political reform and democracy in a country already known for its political repression. The Iraqi government viewed him as a significant threat to its authority due to his intellectual prominence and his ability to mobilize public sentiment.

In early September, following a crackdown on dissent leading to mass arrests, al-Sadr and his sister were detained by the regime. Reports suggest that they were subject to brutal interrogations that lasted for three days, reflecting the harsh reality of the regime's approach to silencing opposition. Their execution was carried out on September 4, marking a dramatic and violent statement about the lengths to which the regime would go to maintain control.

Following their deaths, al-Sadr's legacy continued to influence Shia political movements in Iraq and across the region, with many viewing him as a martyr in the struggle for justice and reform. His execution served as a harsh warning to others who might challenge Saddam Hussein's regime, further embedding a culture of fear within Iraq during a time of political turmoil and escalating oppression.