The All-China Federation of Trade Unions (ACFTU) was founded to unify various trade unions in China under a central banner, facilitating better organization and representation for workers across the nation. During a period of immense change in China, marked by social upheaval and the struggle for more modernization and workers' rights, this organization emerged to advocate for labor issues at a time when such movements were gaining momentum globally. The founding took place during a labor day celebration, emphasizing the importance of workers' rights within the larger narrative of national reform.

From its inception, the ACFTU sought to improve working conditions, secure fair wages, and promote labor laws in the rapidly industrializing country. It provided a pivotal platform for labor movements and settlements in various industries, effectively bridging the gap between workers and the government. Collaboration with the Chinese Communist Party played a crucial role during the early years, as the labor movement was closely intertwined with broader political struggles in the country.

Over the decades, the federation has evolved to adapt to changing political climates and economic policies, transitioning from a primarily revolutionary organization to an integral part of the Chinese governance system. Today, the ACFTU not only represents millions of workers but also participates in dialogues about national labor policies, ensuring that the workforce's voices are heard in the corridors of power. The extensive membership reflects its influence and capacity to mobilize workers across various sectors, maintaining focus on improving labor conditions and advocating for rights within a rapidly progressing economy.