The formation of Amtrak, officially known as the National Railroad Passenger Corporation, arose from the necessity to revitalize the declining intercity passenger rail service in the United States. Before Amtrak's inception, numerous private rail companies struggled with financial losses and diminishing ridership; many ceased to operate passenger services altogether. The federal government recognized the urgency of the situation and dedicated itself to creating a viable solution that would preserve rail travel as a viable transportation option. As a result, Amtrak was created and began operations on May 1, 1971, taking over routes from over 20 private railroads, including notable ones like the Pennsylvania Railroad and Southern Pacific Railroad. Amtrak’s service was envisioned to offer standardized schedules, ticketing, and pricing, contrasting the fragmented offerings of various private rail companies. Initially, Amtrak ran fewer trains and covered fewer routes, but it aimed to enhance the service properties associated with rail travel: comfort, reliability, and affordability compared to burgeoning air travel and an expanding interstate highway system. To encourage ridership, Amtrak provided amenities such as food service and sleeping cars on longer routes. Over the years, Amtrak expanded its services to cover many parts of the country, playing a significant role in American transportation infrastructure.