Under the leadership of Constantine the Great, the ancient city of Byzantium underwent extensive reconstruction and expansion, transforming it into a grand new metropolis. Known for its strategic position straddling Europe and Asia, Byzantine was chosen to serve as the new capital of the Eastern Roman Empire, following Constantine's vision of a strong central government. This city was not only a military stronghold but also a vital commercial center due to its accessibility to the Mediterranean and Black seas. The dedication consisted of elaborate ceremonies, prominent displays of wealth, and the establishment of key public infrastructures such as forums, temples, and palaces reflecting the sociopolitical aspirations of the new regime. It was officially named New Rome, although it would popularly come to be known as Constantinople.

The city's design incorporated elements that highlighted the glory of the Roman Empire, while its diverse population contributed to an amalgamation of cultures. Constantine also initiated the construction of significant structures such as the Hagia Sophia, a testament to Byzantine architecture. This transformation symbolized the shift of power from Rome in the West to Byzantium, emphasizing the role of the Eastern Roman Empire in preserving and evolving the legacies of Roman civilization. Furthermore, its location allowed for unparalleled trade and communication, lending it distinct advantages over its predecessors.

In the decades that followed, the city would become a major center for Christianity, leading to profound changes in religious and political dynamics in the region. The dedication of New Rome set the stage for centuries of Byzantine history characterized by its unique blend of Roman, Greek, and Eastern influences, which would shape the course of European and Asian interactions.