The abdication of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands took place in The Hague, where she formally transferred her royal duties and authority to her daughter, Juliana. Wilhelmina had been the longest-serving monarch in Dutch history, having ascended to the throne in 1898. Her reign was marked by significant events including both World Wars, which profoundly impacted the Netherlands and its people. Her decision to abdicate was not made lightly; she faced the complexities of a rapidly changing world and the need for a fresh leadership style as the nation rebuilt from war devastation.

During the abdication ceremony, Wilhelmina delivered an emotional speech, expressing her gratitude for the loyalty of her subjects and her hopes for the future under Juliana's reign. Juliana had already been active in public service prior to her ascension, often accompanying her mother on state functions and engaging with the community. Wilhelmina’s abdication was viewed positively. Many saw it as an opportunity for the monarchy to adapt to contemporary societal expectations, particularly as Europe was transforming post-war.

Juliana, known for her approachable demeanor and progressive values, quickly endeared herself to the public. Her reign would include significant social reforms, including moves toward greater equality and women's rights. This transition from Wilhelmina to Juliana symbolized not just a change in leadership, but also a reflection of evolving Dutch identity in the mid-20th century. The ceremony was attended by government officials, dignitaries, and citizens, all witnessing a pivotal moment in the history of the Dutch monarchy which pointed towards modernization and renewal.