The Lei Áurea, also known as the Golden Law, represented a pivotal moment in Brazilian history, abolishing slavery in the Empire of Brazil. Signed by Princess Isabel on May 13, 1888, the law came as a culmination of extensive advocacy from abolitionists and intense geopolitical changes. In the 19th century, Brazil's economy began shifting towards coffee production in lieu of slave-based plantations, increasing the call for reform. This growing movement for abolition faced opposition from landowners who benefited from the continued exploitation of enslaved labor, yet the ideals of freedom were gaining ground among the public and intellectuals alike.

As a result of a series of social movements and uprisings, such as the Revolta dos Malês in 1835, public sentiment was increasingly swayed towards abolition. Various international pressures and the changing economic landscape, particularly the rise of industrialization, also factored into the increasing urgency for systemic change. The Golden Law marked the end of legal slavery, freeing approximately 700,000 enslaved individuals in Brazil, who had endured generations of forced labor and oppression.

While the abolition was a moment of great triumph, its immediate effects were complicated. Freemen faced a lack of resources and opportunities, leading to ongoing social and economic struggles. The abolishment contributed to the gradual transformation of Brazilian society, as newly freed people fought for civil rights and recognition within their communities. This act not only reshaped Brazil but also influenced future movements across Latin America, as many countries looked to Brazil's progress as an example in the global fight against slavery.