In mid-2006, Brazil witnessed a significant outbreak of violence as rebellions erupted in various prisons, particularly dominating the news in São Paulo. This event was primarily characterized by prison riots that led to the deaths of over 100 inmates and multiple casualties among law enforcement. The unrest stemmed from an escalation in conflicts among drug factions, specifically the First Capital Command (PCC), which was vying for control both within and outside prison walls. Overcrowded prisons had become breeding grounds for tension, exacerbated by dire living conditions, corruption, and the lack of adequate rehabilitation programs. The Brazilian authorities found themselves overwhelmed as violent clashes broke out not only within prison facilities but also spilled over into the streets of São Paulo. These riots were part of a larger pattern of violence linked to the collapse of any semblance of order in the criminal justice system. Government forces responded with a heavy police presence and initiatives to curtail the influence of gang leaders who instigated many of the rebellions. Additionally, this situation illustrated the broader challenges Brazil faced in dealing with organized crime and the urgent need for prison reform.The events in May 2006 also caught national and international attention, leading to discussions regarding human rights abuses within the prison system. The horrifying incidents unveiled the state of neglect faced by inmates and highlighted the urgent urgency for reform within Brazil's penal system to prevent future occurrences of such catastrophic violence.