The impeachment of President Roh Moo-hyun in March 2004 marked a significant moment in South Korea's political landscape, initiated by the National Assembly, which accused him of violating election laws and neglecting state affairs. This political maneuvering was seen as a culmination of growing tensions between Roh, a progressive leader, and the conservative factions in the Assembly. The situation escalated into a broader conflict over issues such as economic reform and national security, igniting public debates about democracy and governance in South Korea. Following the impeachment, Roh's administration faced considerable challenges as both supporters and opponents rallied to express their views on the future of his presidency.

On May 14, 2004, the Constitutional Court delivered a landmark ruling, unanimously deciding to overturn the impeachment, thereby reinstating Roh Moo-hyun as president. The court's decision was grounded in the belief that the charges against him did not meet the necessary constitutional criteria for impeachment. This ruling was perceived as a crucial assertion of judicial independence and a reinforcement of democratic norms in South Korea. The court publicly underscored the importance of due process and the rule of law, emphasizing that political disagreements should not lead to the undue removal of a sitting president without compelling justification.

The aftermath of the court's ruling facilitated a renewed focus on governance under Roh's leadership, as well as an examination of the political landscape in South Korea. The event spurred discussions across the nation about the role of political institutions and the efficacy of checks and balances. Roh’s presidency, now revitalized, endeavored to pursue an agenda centered on social reform and anti-corruption, illustrating the resilience of democratic institutions even amidst political strife.