Maximilien Robespierre, a leading figure of the French Revolution, introduced the Self-denying Ordinance as part of a broader attempt to reform the political landscape of France. The ordinance aimed to prevent members of the National Assembly from holding executive power and subsequently seeking legislative office, effectively fostering a separation of powers and promoting accountability. During a session of the Assembly, Robespierre argued passionately that political leaders must embody the values of virtue and public service rather than personal ambition. This proposal was not only radical but also indicative of the growing desire among revolutionaries to establish a government rooted in principles of equality and justice.

The context of the early 1790s was characterized by heightened political tensions and a struggle to define the new French Republic. Faced with counter-revolutionary forces and internal dissent, the revolutionary leaders grappled with how to instill faith in the governing institutions. The Self-denying Ordinance was part of efforts to ensure that revolutionary ideals did not become compromised by personal interests. The response was mixed; while some applauded Robespierre's vision, others felt it undermined their political aspirations. This division became emblematic of the larger ideological rifts within the revolutionary movements.

The debate surrounding the ordinance illuminated the factionalism that would later characterize the revolutionary government, particularly as figures like Robespierre and his contemporaries vied for influence. Ultimately, the ordinance did not pass in its original form, but discussions surrounding it instigated further deliberation about governance, citizenship, and the nature of revolutionary politics in France. This push for ethical governance continued to influence revolutionary thought, particularly during the subsequent phases of the Revolution, leading to bloody purges and the governance based on Robespierre’s concepts of virtue and terror.